Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, develops when stomach cells begin to grow out of control. Understanding the stomach's normal anatomy and function is useful in understanding stomach cancer. The stomach, an organ that resembles a sac, is a crucial part of the digestive system. After being chewed and swallowed, food enters the esophagus, a tube that transports it from the throat and chest to the stomach. The esophagus and stomach are joined at the gastroesophageal (GE) junction, which is just below the diaphragm (the thin sheet of breathing muscle under the lungs). The stomach then starts to digest the food by secreting gastric juice. The duodenum, which is the first section of the small intestine, receives the mixture of food and gastric juice. The area around the belly is sometimes referred to as the "stomach." The medical term for this area is the abdomen. As an illustration, some people who feel pain in this area might describe it as a "stomach ache" when, in fact, the pain may come from another nearby organ. Doctors would call this symptom "abdominal pain" because the stomach is just one of the numerous organs in the abdomen. Stomach cancer is distinct from cancers of the colon, rectum (large intestine), liver, pancreas, or small intestine, which can manifest in the abdomen. There are numerous possible symptoms, prognoses, and treatments for these cancers. Stomach cancers typically take years to develop slowly. Before true cancer manifests, precancerous changes frequently appear in the mucosa of the stomach. These early alterations frequently go unnoticed because they have few symptoms. There are numerous symptoms and prognoses that can result from the fact that different parts of the stomach can develop cancer at different times. Cancer's location may affect the available treatments. For instance, oesophageal cancers are typically staged and treated differently from cancers that develop into or start at the GE junction.
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